Bangor University
7 & 8 September 2023
PAUL VERHOEVEN@85
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By Gwion Williams
Cymru – Wales – is a bilingual country boasting English and Cymraeg (Welsh, one of the oldest languages in Europe), and is a daily part of life for us here in Bangor. Cymraeg can sometimes appear intimidating; but once you get used to its different use of the Latin alphabet, as a strictly phonetic language it’s really not that difficult! Here are a few key words & phrases to help you sound like a local:
Su’mae’i! / Helo! [see-ma-ee!/helo!] Hello!
Bore Da [boh-reh dah] Good Morning
P’nawn Da [pn-ow-n dah] Good Afternoon
Nos Da [noss-dah] Good Evening
Hwyl [hoo-eel] Goodbye
Diolch [Dee-all-{ch}] Thanks
Croeso [kroi-so] Welcome/You’re Welcome
Ia [ee-yah] Yes
Na [Nah] No
Mae'n ddrwg gen I / Sori [main throog gen ee/sori] Sorry
Os Gwelwch yn dda / Plis [oss gwel-oo{ch} un tha/plees] Please
Esgysodwch Fi [ess-gee-sodoo{ch} vee] Excuse Me
Syt wyt ti? [sit oo-it tee?] How are you?
I'm well, thanks [do-een ee-awn dee-ol{ch}] Dwi'n iawn, diolch
Ga i: [gah ee] Can I have:
paned o de [pan-ed oh dare] A cup of tea
paned o goffi [pan-ed oh goff-ee] A cup of coffee
peint o gwrw [paint oh guru] A pint of beer
glasiad o win [glash-ad oh ween] A glass of wine
diod o ddwr [dee-od oh thoor] A drink of water
Ble mae'r: [pan-ed oh dare] Where is / are the:
toiledau [pan-ed oh dare] toilets
tafarndai [pan-ed oh dare] pubs
siopau [shop-ai] shops
ysbyty [uss-but-ee] hospital
gorsaf trenau [gore-sav tren-ai] train station
Dwi'n siarad tipyn o Gymraeg [do-een sharr-ad typ-inn oh Gum-raig] I speak a bit of Welsh
Dydw I ddim yn siarad Cymraeg [do-een thim yn sharr-ad Kum-raig] I don’t speak Welsh
Wyt ti'n siarad Saesneg? [oo-eet teen sharr-ad Sayss-neg] Do you speak English?
Arafach, plis! [Are-av-a{ch}, plees] Slower, please!
Cymru [Kum-ree] Wales
Cymraeg [Kum-raig] Welsh Language
Pronunciation Tips:
Welsh contains letters which are uncommon to many other languages, especially the digraphs Ch, Dd and Ll. To help you pronounce these Celtic (tongue) knots, here's a quick guide:
Ch A throaty sound pronounced exactly as “ch” in the Scottish "Loch" or German “Büch”.
Dd A soft sound pronounced exactly as "th” in the English words "this" or “that”.
Ng As the English “ng” sound in “ring” but never as “linger”, in Welsh we have this sound as a separate letter in common with languages such as Maori, Indonesian or Lingala.
Ll Form your mouth to say the letter L, but instead of vocalising a sound in your throat, blow air around the sides of your tongue. It should sound a bit like a hiss! This one is often the trickiest for non-native speakers as it is uncommon in European languages, but related letters occur in many languages, for example Nahuatl, isiZulu, and Hmong. If you’re fluent in any of these, you may have a leg up on the competition.
Other tips:
Welsh F is pronounced as English V
Welsh FF is pronounced as English F
Welsh G is always hard, as English “great”, never as “generous”
Welsh TH is pronounced as English “think”, never as “that” (which is covered by DD)
Welsh Rs are rolled!